Problem 12.1

a) Briefly describe the following soft ionization methods:

  • atmospheric pressure ionization
  • thermospray
  • electrohydrodynamic ionization
  • electrospray ionization.

b) What properties of ESI effected its breakthrough to become the most widely employed among the beforementioned methods?

c) What is a nozzle-skimmer system? How does contribute to the efficiency of an ESI interface?


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